The golden tegu, and the Colombian B&W tegu are the same animal: Tupinambis teguixin. There is some variability in coloring, which helps account for the different common names (they are also called black tegus and common tegus). I don't know if these color variations are related to locality.
I found them fairly easy to sex visually, once mature - differences in build & structure, tail appearance etc, but I have heard claims that they can also be probed (I don't know if that is true, as I have never tried it)
I think the size discrepencies you mentioned are related to the various species of tegu. I believe that male common tegus will run in the 3-3.5 ft range, females being a bit smaller.
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