You can compare them here (and many others);
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/zoo/Who...nal02May29.pdf
They look pretty much the same to me but rats may have a slight edge, depending on size.
Briefly.
Juvenile Mouse 10g 44% Protein 30% Fat
Neonatal Rat 10G 57% protein 23% Fat
Adult Mouse >10G 56% Protein 24% Fat
Juvenile Rat 10-50G 56% Protein 27% Fat
I would think the most important thing is to feed the appropriate size food and switch to rats as soon as possible so you don't have an animal stuck on mice. It is much preferred to feed one right size rat to a large boa or python than feed it four or five mice at a time.