Hey Kay. I'm a late comer to this thread, and in layman's terms, a prolapse would be the sticking out of an internal organ, or parts thereof, that are otherwise kept inside. Chris' advice was sound, and you can also do a search in this site to find out more about prolapse in chameleons. Male chameleons sometimes proplapse one or both hemipenes. They look a bit like a tulip or rose, pinkish in color, and are pretty obvious. If I had a picture, I'd post it. In most cases, it will either retract on its own, or can be assisted to retract using various methods. Or, it can be amputated. Lots of information available there, and I would recommend getting a vet involved should it ever come to that with a male chameleon. The more serious type of prolapse would be an eversion of the intestine out through the cloacal opening. The inside-outed intestine will be very dark in color, bulbous, and usually quite obvious, usually exposing 1/2-3/4" of intestine. Amputation is not an option. It is far more prevelant in female chameleons, and is unfortunately almost always fatal. We lose 2-3% of our adult females to this, and have yet to save one. What you described with your cham sounds like left over residue from defecation, is common, and will likely be seen again. You will occasionally find it dangling in a bush where it detached from the chameleon in the course of a day's business. Hope all is well.
Jim Flaherty
The Chameleon Company, LLC